Here you will find everything related to cephalometric analysis, digital radiography, Dental imaging basically everything ceph-related.

Sassouni Analysis

  1. CephX | AI Driven Dental Services

The Sassouni Analysis was named after Viken Sassouni in 1955, after several authors had spent time trying to understand the importance of the vertical dimension and its effect on the anteroposterior facial dimensions. Sassouni was finally able to strategically enhance the method in orthodontic treatment planning.

The Sassouni Analysis was the first cephalometric analysis that could categorize both vertical and horizontal relationships, as well as the interaction between the vertical and horizontal proportions of one’s face. In order to study the structural configuration of the skull, which helps you view growth analysis, diagnosis, and treatment, Sassouni constructed several planes, arcs, and axes on the profile cephalostatic roentgenogram.

Sassouni also played a large contributing role toward the idea that if a series of horizontal planes have been drawn from the SN line at the top, to the mandibular plane below, they will project toward a common meeting point in most well-proportioned faces.

When inspecting the horizontal planes for the patient, it’s clear that the maxilla has been rotated downward posteriorly and the mandible rotated downward anteriorly. Since the jaw rotates there’s an added tendency toward an open bite, meaning the skeletal pattern is revealed and often referred to as the ‘skeletal open bite’.

4 Planes

In a normal, well-proportioned face, the Sassouni analysis has four planes meet at point O. The first plane is tangent to sella and parallel with the anterior cranial (Os). Then we have the Palatal plane (On), the Occlusal plane (Op), and the mandibular plane (Og). These were the measurements that Sassouni found to be well proportioned when the axis of these four planes, prolonged posteriorly, meet at a common intersection as we refer to as O. This point O is posterior to the occipital contour O.

The relationship of the four planes coming together to common point O allows each of the classification for the four different facial types. Type I occurs when the anterior cranial base plane doesn’t pass through O. Type II occurs when the palatal plane doesn’t pass through O, and so on and so forth for Type III, the occlusal plane, and Type IV the mandibular base plane.

2 Arcs

By using O as the center, Sassouni was able to construct two arcs. First is the anterior arc, the arc of a circle, between anterior cranial base and the mandibular plane, O is the center and O-ANS is the radius. The posterior arc on the other hand, lies between the anterior cranial base and mandibular base plane, with O as the center and Osp as the radius. Sp being the most posterior point on the rear margin of sella turcica.

The Sassouni approach has been popularized as an archial analysis. His observations are based off research, he classified all of the malocclusions into 9 types of craniofacial patterns. These consist of:

Class I: neutral, open bite and deep bite
Class II: neutral, open bite and deep bite
Class III: neutral, open bite and deep bite

This means, essentially the neutral or skeletal open bite (vertical) and deep bite (horizontal) can exist in any and all three types of anteroposterior dysplasia of jaws.

According to Sassouni, the well-proportioned face is expected to possess normal occlusion. Contrary to his conclusions, of 50 people with normal occlusion sampled, only 16 were found to have a well-proportioned face. While the norm concept may not be accepted as an absolute for every individual, Sassouni is a big advocate for the measurement of proportionality in the individual as a basis of growth, diagnosis, and treatment planning.

Today we have tools such as CephX to our advantage which makes it easier for us to diagnose and plan treatment based upon more accurate cephalometric analyses and tracing.

Read more about History of Cephalometric Analysis – Using Our Heads
and Comparison between 2D and 3D Cephalometric Analyses

Burstone Analysis

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Charles J. Burstone developed a popularly used cephalometric analysis in 1978 that’s still being commonly used by orthodontists today for patients who require Orthognathic surgery. In this analysis they use landmarks and measurements that can be altered through several common surgical procedures. The Burstone analysis can also be known as COGS (Cephalometrics for Orthognathic Surgery).

The COGS system carefully describes the patient’s horizontal and vertical positions of their facial bones by using constant coordinate systems:

  • Size of the bone: represented by direct linear measurements
  • Shape of the bone: represented by angular measurements

Characteristics

The chosen landmarks and measurements are chosen because they can be easily altered by various surgical procedures. The Burstone analysis includes all of the facial bones along with a cranial base as a reference. Once the critical facial skeletal components have been measured, the orthodontist can use these measurements in a mock surgery setting. Through this systemized approach all of the measurements can then be computerized.

Skeletal and Dental Analysis

Horizontal Skeletal Analysis

When analyzing the horizontal skeletal profile analysis a few simple measurements should be made on the skeletal profile in order to assess the amount of discrepancy among the anteroposterior direction. This is called the Horizontal Skeletal Profile Analysis simply because of all of the measurements in this set of analysis and their make up parallel to the horizontal profile.

The angle of convexity is the angle formed between N-A and A-Pg, the standard value in males ranges from 3.90 to 6.40, and 2.60 and 5.10 in females. In this case, a positive angle represents convex profiles while negative angles are an indication of concave profiles. This measurement describes the position of apical base of the maxilla in relation to the nasion. It’s measured by taking N perpendicular to A, parallel to HP. The horizontal distance is dropped from N and measured from point A.

Vertical Skeletal Analysis

The vertical skeletal discrepancy may be reflective of an anterior, posterior, or complex dysplasia of the face. This discrepancy is divided into two main components: an anterior component and a posterior component.

To measure this discrepancy, the N-ANS perpendicular to HP, the orthodontist must measure the distance between N and ANS measured perpendicularly to HP. This measurement will give the facial height for the middle third of the patient’s face. The standard value for men ranges between 51.5 to 57.9, whereas for women the standard value ranges from 47.6 to 52.4. Any slight increase or decrease in this value can indicate an increase or decrease in the middle third facial height respectively.

The Burstone Cephalometric Analysis is just but one step in a diagnosis and treatment planning process for surgical cases. This analysis can give the clinician or orthodontist greater insight into the quantitative nature of the skeletodental and soft tissue dysplasia that couldn’t be analyzed otherwise. This COGS analysis uses linear dimensions as a way of describing the size, shape, and positions of facial bones. This linearity is very practical because surgeons think measurements through in their head in millimeters opposed to angles, when planning and accomplishing these procedures.

To aid the orthodontists and surgeons in this process CephX’s cloud based platform collects all of these components and measurements to easily record and store data to easily compare these values and relationships.

Read more about CBCT Analysis & Orthodontic Records
and Comparison between 2D and 3D Cephalometric Analyses

Latest Technology In Dentistry 

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As professionals in the field of dentistry, we all know how constantly the field is changing and evolving. In fact, by taking a glance back at your career in the field you won’t be surprised to find that things aren’t quite as they once were at the beginning of your career, whether that was two months ago, or 12 years ago.

To keep up with the fast paced industry and suit your patient’s evolving needs, it’s important for your practice to remain on the lookout for new and emerging technology. Below, we’ve compiled just a few of the latest technologies in dentistry ala 2015.

Laser Dentistry

Today many dental practices are using lasers in order to improve the efficiency and provide more comfort throughout a plethora of different dental procedures. The lasers are being implemented in filling cavities, reducing tooth sensitivity, getting rid of tumors, and whitening.

Laser dentistry makes the process more efficient because it’s fast and painless for the patient. In addition, the lasers are very effective in eliminating any form of bacteria during the procedure to avoid possible further complications or problems.

VELscope

VELscope is a new way to examine patient’s mouths for oral disease. The technology comprises of a special type of light that allows dentists to shine in a patient’s mouth to bring to their attention any forms of abnormalities. This tool helps dentists discover abnormalities earlier than they could with their bare eye. By catching these abnormalities at an earlier stage it increases the chances of survival by 83%.

HealOzone

The HealOzone air compressor is made up of 7 different parts including the air dryer, presser sensor, ozone generator, handpiece, moisture trap, ozone neutralizer, and vacuum pump. This system is a very fast and efficient system to eliminate tooth decay painlessly for the patient.

The system contains ozone (O3) a common natural gas that effectively kills bacteria and fungus. This is a great way to detect tooth decay and get rid of it before it progresses to a more harmful state as it advances.

DIAGNOdent

DIAGNOdent is a handheld pen that dentists can use to detect cavities that are hiding in hard to reach places that regular x-rays can’t find. This hand held unit has added precision because it enables the dentist to provide a more accurate carries treatment plan. This ensures that the patient’s mouth has been thoroughly checked for any possible signs of cavities to avoid reverting and spending more time in the future if the cavities progress and expand.

Intraoral Camera

This tool allows dentists to gain precise and well-defined pictures of those hard to reach and see places within a patient’s mouth. These photos differ from typical x-ray photos because they’re easy for patient’s to view and comprehend. This unique technology shows the images to the patients simultaneously while educating them about their individual needs.

Finally, there’s CephX a revolutionary way for dentists and orthodontists to perform and store more accurate cephalometric analyses via the cloud. This technology allows the practice to save time and money by avoiding dealing with messy and ineffective hardware and software systems. The latest technology in dentistry allows you to share all of these analyses with other dentists in the practice and with your patients from anywhere there’s internet access.

Read more about AI Will Not Revolutionize Dentistry Until We Fix Our Data
and Orthodontic Treatment Plan

Best Orthodontic Marketing Ideas

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As an orthodontist, one of the most daunting tasks can be dealing with how to market your practice. As budgets are crunched and outsourced help can be a strain, many practices are coming up with their own marketing ideas and initiatives to attain new patients.

While the thought of the task of marketing your practice may be scary to you, it’s not really something to be afraid of. You know inevitably it must be done, and it’s better to get it done seamlessly and with great results. So instead of becoming overwhelmed and letting the thought of marketing drive you stir crazy, follow these easy ideas to implement simple marketing strategy into your orthodontic practice.

Find all the local dentists in town and offer them something, just because!

Above all, humans like to receive. It is innate to our being that when we receive something we feel the need to reciprocate this action by giving back. As an orthodontist looking for new clientele take advantage of this tactic of persuasion! Reach out to other dentists in the area and offer them lunch or even a cup of coffee. You’ll be amazed the difference it makes when you engage with them one on one, especially when it comes to which orthodontist they’ll refer their patients to.

It can be dentistry/orthodontics related such as a free consultation/ records appointment, or a tour of your labs or something as naive as wishing them a happy birthday with cake and a personal card. In this case the point is to make a personal gesture that the dentist will remember you by. Try and leave them wishing there was some way they could repay you for your kind gesture.

Comp Cards

Using the same principle of receiving, we as orthodontists can use comp cards to give a little and receive a lot. Another part of our innate humanism is our strive for commitment. By offering first time patients a free consultation or a free gift from your practice, they feel not only as if they want to reciprocate by giving you their business but also that they have to keep consistent with their first appointment.

These comp cards can be delivered to patients that haven’t been active in awhile, a new patients waiting list, referral list, etc. By offering them a reason to come into the practice you’ve already gotten your fit in the door, and getting them to commit is the easy part.

Referral Reward Program

The greatest form of marketing these days can’t even be performed by the practice itself. Instead, patients are most keen to hear reviews and good word of mouth sentiment from their fellow friends and colleagues. According to a research by Nielsen, 92% of people trust a recommendation from a friend or family member more than typical marketing messages.

Don’t be shy, ask your patients to tell their friends and family about their experiences at your practice. Particularly orthodontists are a sensitive place for many first time patients, they want to make sure they’re being seen by someone they can trust. Encourage your current patients to spread the word by rewarding them with gift card or other small gifts to show your appreciation. This is a win-win for both you and the patient bringing in new business and making your current patients feel valued.

Patient’s Day

Another way to show your patients how much you appreciate them and their value amongst your practice is by taking a day every year to honor them. As a patient it’s a fun way to get to know others in similar situations and just have a good time together. Some ideas could be closing down the practice for the day and showing a movie on the projector, providing healthy snacks of course. Or taking the patients to a bowling alley or sporting event. Not only will you get to know your patients better in a more intimate setting, but it’s also a great way to get other potential business through word of mouth.

These are just four easy ways you can begin the marketing process for your orthodontic practice. You can easily implement these into your strategy with little to no budget, because even the smallest gestures like wishing someone a happy birthday can have a big effect on your patients. Other innovative technologies you implement in your practice i.e. CephX’s cloud based ceph tracing system makes your practice that much more marketable and more attractive to future patients.

Read more about Retainers and Maintenance: Preserving Your Patients’ Investment
and Is Single Arch Treatment Good for Your Patients?

McNamara Analysis

  1. CephX | AI Driven Dental Services

San Francisco native James A. McNamara Jr. is most widely known for his development of the McNamara Analysis, one of the most popular methods of cephalometric analyses. Circa 1983, McNamara’s research focused mainly on clinical modification of the growth of face and jaw.

He introduced this cephalometric analysis because there was a need for a method of cephalometric analysis that is sensitive to not only the position of one’s teeth within a given bone, but also to the relationship of one’s jaw elements and cranial base structures and how they relate to one another. Since, the McNamara analysis has become one of the most important tools of clinical and research orthodontics.

This analysis is one of the more recent additions to the contemporary textbooks on cephalometry. The textbook contains a list of the most well known cephalometric analyses including 23 analyses between the years 1946 and 1985 i.e. Wits Analysis, and Rickett’s Analysis. The majority of these analyses use references from small samples of Caucasians.

The McNamara analysis combines the anterior reference plane, the plane that runs perpendicularly to the Frankfurt horizontal through the nasion) with a description of the length of the patient’s jaw and the relationship between them. McNamara’s approach is the most suitable for diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment evaluation. This goes for patients with skeletal discrepancies who may be candidates for dentofacial orthopedics and orthognathic surgery.

McNamara Analysis Advantages

The McNamara analysis relates several variables: teeth to teeth; teeth to jaws; each jaw to the other; and jaws to the cranial base. The analysis is a combination of elements of the Ricketts and Harvold approaches, using original measurements to create a more precise definition of jaw and tooth positions. According to this method, the anatomic Frankfort plane as well as the basion-nasion line are used as reference planes.

There are three main advantages of the McNamara analysis. Firstly it depends largely on linear measurements rather than angles. It analyzes the interarch relationship in the vertical plane as well as sagittal making them into one single integrated unit. Lastly, it helps to diagnose external conditions in the airway.

Skeletal Study

According to McNamara, the skeletal and dental components of the face are composed of the following planes and measurements used for skeletal study: Nasion perpendiculars (aka McNamara’s Vertical), linear distance from point A to nasion perpendicular, linear distance from point pog to nasion perpendicular, maxillary length, mandibular length, and lower anterior facial height. The planes and measurements used for the analysis of the airways are upper pharynx diameter and the lower pharynx diameter.

Analysis of Airways

The upper pharyngeal width is the smallest distance from the posterior pharyngeal wall to anterior half of the small plate outline. The normal for an adult is 17 +/- 4. The measurement marked with a decrease is only used as an indicator for possible upper airway impairment. For a more accurate diagnosis you’ll have to see a clinical otorhinolaryngologist for a clinical exam.

The lower pharyngeal width is measured on the mandibular plane from the posterior tongue to posterior pharyngeal wall. The norm for an adult women is 11.3 +/- 4, while the norm for an adult male is 13.5 +/- 4. Values that are less than 15 millimeters suggest that the anterior positioning of the tongue is either postural or there’s an enlargement of the tonsils.

All of these components and measurements can be easily recorded and stored through CephX’s cloud based platform for cephalometric analyses. In cephalometrics, the landmarks, or points of measurement, often demonstrate the relationship of the maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth, the jaws to the teeth and the jaws to one another, and the jaws to the cranial base. By drawing a complex series of angle and plane values, doctors are able to create values to compare for each measurement series.

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